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States of India

States of India: 28 States Important Points.

A brief overview of the different states of India is listed below:

1. Andhra Pradesh

  • Andhra Pradesh is located on the southeastern coast of India.
  • It is bordered by Telangana in the northwest, Chhattisgarh in the north, Tamil Nadu in the south, Karnataka in the west, and the Bay of Bengal in the eastern side.
  • Andhra Pradesh is the first state to be formed on a linguistic basis in India on 1 October 1953.
  • The official language spoken is Telugu and is known as the“rice bowl of India”.

  • Capital: Vishakapatnam

  • Founded on: Founded on: 1 Nov. 1956

  • Offical language: Telugu

    Sex Ratio: 940 females per 1000 males

    Literacy Rate: 67.77%

2. Arunachal Pradesh

  • Arunachal Pradesh shares its borders with Assam and Nagaland. It shares international borders with Bhutan, Myanmar, and China.
  • Arunachal Pradesh is home to 26 major tribes of India and about 100 sub-tribes.
  • Arunachal Pradesh is carved out of the North-East Frontier Agency region and is the largest state among the Seven Sister States.

  • Capital: Itanagar

  • Founded on: Founded on: 20 Feb. 1987

  • Offical language: English

    Sex Ratio: 938 females per 1000 males

    Literacy Rate: 65.38%

3. Assam

  • Assam shares a border with Bhutan, Arunachal Pradesh, Nagaland, Manipur, Meghalaya, Tripura, Mizoram, Bangladesh, and West Bengal.
  • Dispur is the capital and Assamese is the offcial language.
  • The first place where oil drilling took place in Asia was Assam.
  • The economy and society of Assam are dependent on the wildlife tourism of Kaziranga and Manas National Parks.These two wildlife parks are World Heritage Sites.

  • Capital: Dispur

  • Founded on: Founded on: 26 Jan. 1950

  • Offical language: Assamese

    Sex Ratio: 958 females per 1000 males

    Literacy Rate: 72.19%

4. Bihar

  • Bihar shares borders with Uttar Pradesh, Nepal, West Bengal, and Jharkhand.
  • The plains of Bihar are split by the river Ganga, which flows from west to east.
  • Bihar is the world’s fourth-most populous state and the common languages spoken are Hindi, Urdu, Maithili, Magahi, Bhojpuri, etc.

  • Capital: Patna

  • Founded on: Founded on: 26 Jan. 1950

  • Offical language: Hindi

    Sex Ratio: 918 females per 1000 males

    Literacy Rate: 61.80%

5. Chhattisgarh

  • Chhattisgarh is the 9th-largest state in India.
  • The state was formed by the partition of ten Chhattisgarhi and six Gondi-speaking districts in the southeast of Madhya Pradesh. Its capital city is Raipur.
  • It shares its borders with Uttar Pradesh, Madhya Pradesh, Maharashtra, Jharkhand, Odisha, Telangana, and Andhra Pradesh. Currently, it comprises 28 districts.

  • Capital: Raipur

  • Founded on: Founded on: 1 Nov. 2000

  • Offical language: Hindi

    Sex Ratio: 990 females per 1000 males

    Literacy Rate: 70.28%

6. Goa

  • Goa is surrounded by the Indian states of Maharashtra to the north and Karnataka to the east and south, with the Arabian Sea forming its western coast.
  • It is India’s smallest state by area and fourth-smallest by population.
  • Goa has the highest GDP per capita among all Indian states and it is the third-highest ranking among Indian states in the human development index.
  • Until it was annexed by India in 1961 Goa was the overseas territory of the Portuguese Empire. Goa’s offcial language, which is spoken by a majority of its inhabitants, is Konkani.

  • Capital: Panaji

  • Founded on: Founded on: 30 May. 1987

  • Offical language: Konkani,English

    Sex Ratio: 968females per 1000 males

    Literacy Rate: 88.7%

7. Gujarat

  • Gujarat is a state on the western coast of India with a coastline of 1,600 km, and it is the state of India having the longest coastline.
  • It is the fifth-largest Indian state by area and the ninth-largest state by population.
  • The capital city of Gujarat is Gandhinagar, while its largest city is Ahmedabad. The Gujarati people of India are indigenous to the state, and their language Gujarati is the state’s official language.

  • Capital: Gandhinagar

  • Founded on: Founded on: 1 May. 1960

  • Offical language: Gujarati

    Sex Ratio: 918 females per 1000 males

    Literacy Rate: 80.37%

8. Haryana

  • Haryana shares its borders with Punjab, Himachal Pradesh, Uttar Pradesh, Delhi and Rajasthan.
  • Chandigarh is the state capital, and Faridabad in National Capital Region (NCR) is the most populous city of the state.
  • Gurgaon is considered one of the major information technology and automobile hubs of India.

  • Capital: Chandigarh

  • Founded on: Founded on: 1 Nov. 1966

  • Offical language: Hindi

    Sex Ratio: 879 females per 1000 males

    Literacy Rate: 75.6%

9. Himachal Pradesh

  • Himachal Pradesh shares its border with Jammu and Kashmir, Ladakh, Punjab, Haryana, Uttarakhand, and a very narrow border shared with Uttar Pradesh to the South.
  • The state also shares an international border with the Tibet Autonomous Region in China.
  • In 1966, hilly areas of neighboring Punjab state were merged into Himachal and it was ultimately granted full statehood in 1971.
  • Nearly 90% of the state’s population lives in rural areas. The important constituents of the state’s economy are agriculture, horticulture, hydropower, and tourism.

  • Capital: Shimla

  • Founded on: Founded on: 25 Jan. 1971

  • Offical language: Hindi

    Sex Ratio: 972 females per 1000 males

    Literacy Rate: 82.80%

10. Mizoram

  • Mizoram shared borders with three of the Seven Sister States Tripura, Assam, and Manipur.
  • The state also shares a 722-kilometer border with the neighboring countries of Bangladesh and Myanmar.
  • Like several other northeastern states of India, Mizoram was previously part of Assam until 1972.

  • Capital: Aizawl

  • Founded on: Founded on: 20 Feb. 1987

  • Offical language: Mizo

    Sex Ratio: 976 females per 1000 males

    Literacy Rate: 91.33%

11. Jharkhand

  • Jharkhand is a state in eastern India and it shares its border with the states of Bihar, Uttar Pradesh, Chhattisgarh, Odisha, and West Bengal.
  • It has an area of 79,710 km2 which is the 15th largest state by area and the 14th largest by population. Hindi is the official language of the state.
  • The city of Ranchi is its capital and Dumka is its sub-capital.

  • Capital: Ranchi

  • Founded on: Founded on: 15 Nov. 2000

  • Offical language: Hindi

    Sex Ratio: 950 females per 1000 males

    Literacy Rate: 67.63%

12. Karnataka

  • According to the size, Karnataka is the largest state in South India and the sixth-largest in India.
  • The state is in the southwestern region of India. Its capital and largest city is Bangalore and it shares borders with the Arabian Sea to the west, Goa, Maharashtra, Telangana, Andhra Pradesh, Tamil Nadu, and Kerala.
  • It is the only southern state to have land borders with all of the other 4 southern Indian sister states.

  • Capital: Bangalore

  • Founded on: Founded on: 1 Nov. 1956

  • Offical language: Kannada

    Sex Ratio: 976 females per 1000 males

    Literacy Rate: 75.36%

13. Kerala

  • Kerala is a state on the Malabar Coast of India.
  • It is bordered by Karnataka, Tamil Nadu, and the Lakshadweep Sea.
  • It is the thirteenth-largest Indian state by population.

  • Capital: Thiruvananthapuram

  • Founded on: Founded on: 1 Nov. 1956

  • Offical language: Malayalam

    Sex Ratio: 1084 females per 1000 males

    Literacy Rate: 94%

14. Madhya Pradesh

  • Madhya Pradesh is a state in central India. Its capital is Bhopal, and Madhya Pradesh is the second-largest Indian state by area and the fifth-largest state by population with over 72 million residents.
  • It borders the states of Uttar Pradesh, Chhattisgarh, Maharashtra, Gujarat, and Rajasthan.
  • The economy of Madhya Pradesh is the 10th-largest in India and has the country’s 26th-highest per-capita income.

  • Capital: Bhopal

  • Founded on: Founded on: 1 Nov. 1956

  • Offical language: Hindi

    Sex Ratio: 931 females per 1000 males

    Literacy Rate: 70.6%

15. Maharashtra

  • Maharashtra is divided into 6 divisions and 36 districts,with the state capital being Mumbai, also the most populous urban area in India, and Nagpur serving as the winter capital.
  • The Godavari and the Krishna are the two major rivers in the state. Nearly 60% of cultivable land in Maharashtra is producing Jowar.
  • Spread over 307,713 km2, it is the third-largest state by area in India. Pune and Nashik are known as the ‘Oxford of the East’ and the ‘Wine Capital of India’ respectively.

  • Capital: Mumbai

  • Founded on: Founded on: 1 May. 1960

  • Offical language: Marathi

    Sex Ratio: 929 females per 1000 males

    Literacy Rate: 82.34%

16. Manipur

  • Manipur is bounded by the Indian states of Nagaland, Mizoram, and Assam.
  • The state covers an area of 22,327 square kilometers and has a population of almost 3 million.
  • According to the 2011 census, Hinduism is the major religion in the state, followed by Christianity.

  • Capital: Imphal

  • Founded on: Founded on: 21 Jan. 1972

  • Offical language: Manipuri

    Sex Ratio: 958 females per 1000 males

    Literacy Rate: 86.1%

17. Meghalaya

  • On 21 January 1972, Meghalaya was formed by carving out two districts from the state of Assam Hills.
  • The population of Meghalaya as of 2016 is estimated to be 3,211,474. Meghalaya covers an area of approximately 22,430 km2.
  • The state is bound to the south and west by Bangladesh, and to the north and east by Assam.

  • Capital: Shillong

  • Founded on: Founded on: 21 Jan. 1972

  • Offical language: English

    Sex Ratio: 986 females per 1000 males

    Literacy Rate: 74.43%

18. Nagaland

  • Nagaland is bordered by the state of Arunachal Pradesh, Assam, Manipur, and Myanmar.
  • Nagaland’s capital city is Kohima and its largest city is Dimapur.
  • It has an area of 16,579 km2 with a population of 1,980,602 per the 2011 Census of India,making it one of the smallest states of India.

  • Capital: Kohima

  • Founded on: Founded on: 1 Dec. 1963

  • Offical language: English

    Sex Ratio: 931 females per 1000 males

    Literacy Rate: 79.55%

19. Odisha

  • Odisha is the 8th largest state by area and the 11th largest by population. The state has the third-largest population of Scheduled Tribes in India.
  • It shares borders with West Bengal, Jharkhand, Chhattisgarh, Andhra Pradesh, and Telangana. Odisha has a coastline of 485 kilometers along the Bay of Bengal.

  • Capital: Bhubaneshwar

  • Founded on: Founded on: 26 Jan. 1950

  • Offical language: Odia

    Sex Ratio: 979 females per 1000 males

    Literacy Rate: 72.9%

20. Punjab

  • Punjab covers an area of 50,362 km2 which is only 1.53% of India’s total geographical area.
  • It is the 20th-largest Indian state by area.. With over 27 million inhabitants, Punjab is the 16th-largest state by population, comprising 23 districts.
  • The state capital is Chandigarh, a Union Territory and also the capital of the neighboring state of Haryana.

  • Capital: Chandigarh

  • Founded on: Founded on: 1 Nov. 1956

  • Offical language: Punjabi

    Sex Ratio: 895 females per 1000 males

    Literacy Rate: 75.84%

21. Rajasthan

  • Rajasthan is the largest state by area in India and it is located on the northwestern side of the country.
  • The state shares its borders with Pakistan to the northwest, and to the north and northeast with the states of Punjab, Haryana, Uttar Pradesh, and Madhya Pradesh.
  • The capital city of Rajasthan is Jaipur, which is also known as the Pink City.

  • Capital: Jaipur

  • Founded on: Founded on: 1 Nov. 1956

  • Offical language: Hindi

    Sex Ratio: 928 females per 1000 males

    Literacy Rate: 66.11%

22. Sikkim

  • Sikkim is a state in northeastern India. It shares its borders with Bhutan to the east, Nepal to the west, and the Indian state of West Bengal to the south.
  • Sikkim is also close to India’s Siliguri Corridor near Bangladesh.
  • Sikkim is the least populous and second smallest among the Indian states.

  • Capital: Gangtok

  • Founded on: Founded on: 16 May. 1975

  • Offical language: English,Nepali,Sikkimese,Lepcha

    Sex Ratio: 889 females per 1000 males

    Literacy Rate: 76.43%

23. Tamil Nadu

  • Tamil Nadu lies in the southernmost part of the Indian subcontinent and is bordered by the union territory of Puducherry and the South Indian states of Kerala, Karnataka, and Andhra Pradesh.
  • It is bounded by the Eastern Ghats on the north, by the Nilgiri Mountains, the Meghamalai Hills, and Kerala on the west, by the Bay of Bengal in the east, by the Gulf of Mannar and the Palk Strait on the southeast, and by the Indian Ocean on the south.
  • The state shares a maritime border with the nation of Sri Lanka.

  • Capital: Chennai

  • Founded on: Founded on: 26 Jan. 1950

  • Offical language: Tamil

    Sex Ratio: 996 females per 1000 males

    Literacy Rate: 80.09%

24. Tripura

  • Tripura is a state on the northeastern side of India. The third-smallest state in the country.
  • According to the 2011 census, the state had 3,671,032 residents, constituting 0.3% of the country’s population.
  • Forests cover more than half of the area, in which bamboo and cane tracts are common. Tripura has the highest number of primate species found in any Indian state.

  • Capital: Agartala

  • Founded on: Founded on: 21 Jan. 1972

  • Offical language: Bengali,English,Kokborok

    Sex Ratio: 960 females per 1000 males

    Literacy Rate: 87.75%

25. Telangana

  • Telangana is a state in Southern India situated on the south-central stretch of the Indian peninsula on the high Deccan Plateau.
  • It is the eleventh-largest state and the twelfth most populated state in India with a geographical area of 112,077 km2
  • Telangana is bordered by the states of Maharashtra to the north, Chhattisgarh to the east, Karnataka to the west, and Andhra Pradesh to the east and south.

  • Capital: Hyderabad

  • Founded on: Founded on: 2 June. 2014

  • Offical language: Telugu

    Sex Ratio: 988 females per 1000 males

    Literacy Rate: 66.46%

26. Uttar Pradesh

  • Uttar Pradesh is the most populous state in India as well as the most populous country subdivision in the world.
  • The state is divided into 18 divisions and 75 districts,with the state capital being Lucknow, and Allahabad serving as the judicial capital.
  • The forest cover in the state is 6.1% of the state’s geographical area. The state is bordered by Rajasthan, Haryana, Himachal Pradesh, Delhi, Uttarakhand, Bihar, Madhya Pradesh, Jharkhand, Chhattisgarh, and an international border with Nepal.

  • Capital: Lucknow

  • Founded on: Founded on: 26 Jan. 1950

  • Offical language: Hindi

    Sex Ratio: 912 females per 1000 males

    Literacy Rate: 67.68%

27. Uttarakhand

  • Uttarakhand is a state in the northern part of India. Uttarakhand is known for the natural environment of the Himalayas, the Bhabar, and the Terai regions.
  • It shares international borders with China and Nepal whereas it shares borders with the Indian states Uttar Pradesh and Himachal Pradesh.
  • According to the 2011 Census of India, Uttarakhand has a population of 10,086,292, making it the 20th most populous state in India.

  • Capital: Dehradun

  • Founded on: Founded on: 9 Nov. 2000

  • Offical language: Hindi

    Sex Ratio: 936 females per 1000 males

    Literacy Rate: 78.82%

28. West Bengal

  • West Bengal is a state in the eastern region of India along the Bay of Bengal.
  • With over 91 million inhabitants, it is the fourth-most populous state and the fourteenth-largest state by area in India. Covering an area of 88,752 km2, it is also the eighth-most populous country subdivision of the world.
  • It shares its borders with Bangladesh in the east and Nepal and Bhutan in the north. It also borders the Indian states of Odisha, Jharkhand, Bihar, Sikkim, and Assam.

  • Capital: Kolkata

  • Founded on: Founded on: 1 Nov. 1956

  • Offical language: Bengali

    Sex Ratio: 956 females per 1000 males

    Literacy Rate: 77.08%